Scrubbers are engineered air-pollution-control devices designed to remove particulate matter, acidic gases, vapors, and other harmful contaminants from industrial exhaust streams. In a wet scrubber, the removal process relies on the interaction between the polluted gas and a scrubbing liquid—typically water or a chemical solution—facilitating processes such as absorption, condensation, and inertial impaction. Dry scrubbers, by contrast, utilize solid sorbents or reagent injection systems to neutralize or capture pollutants without the use of liquid media.
Wet scrubbers are particularly effective for controlling fine particulate matter, SO2, HCl, ammonia, volatile compounds, and water-soluble gases. Their performance depends on factors such as liquid-to-gas ratio, droplet size, contact efficiency, and scrubber design (e.g., packed bed, venturi, spray tower). Dry scrubbers are preferred in applications where wastewater generation must be minimized or where moisture-sensitive processes are involved.
Both wet and dry systems are constructed for ease of maintenance, featuring accessible contact chambers, demisters, nozzles, and inspection ports to facilitate routine cleaning and operational monitoring. By ensuring high pollutant removal efficiency, scrubbers support compliance with national and international air-quality regulations and contribute to a safer working environment by significantly reducing exposure to harmful airborne contaminants.
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